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1 σῶς
Grammatical information: adj.Meaning: `safe, healthy, intact' (Att.; also Hom., Hdt.).Other forms: σάος (ep. poet. Il. [ σαώτερος], also Cypr., Arc., Lac. etc.), σῶος (Hdt., Hp., X., hell.), σόος (ep., also Hdt.); comp. σαώτερος (A 32, X., Theoc., AP).Compounds: As 1. member a.o. in ΣαϜο-κλέϜης (Cypr.), σαό-φρων (ep. poet.), σώ-φρων (Att.), Σαυ-κράτης (Boeot.), Σά-δαμος (Arc.); as 2. member in νηο-, τεκνο-σσόος (poet.; cf. on σεύομαι).Derivatives: Ep. aor. σαῶ-σαι, pass. σαωθῆναι, to which fut. σαώσω, pres. σαόω; with contraction IA. σῶσαι, σωθῆναι, σώσω (inscr. σωῶ), σῴζω (ε 490, Hes. Op. 376; from *σω-ΐζω); to this perf. midd. σέσωσμαι (trag.), σέσωμαι (Pl. a.o.), act. σέσωκα (hell.), often w. prefix, e.g. ἀνα-, ἀπο-, δια-, ἐκ-, `to keep alive, to save', midd. pass. intr. `to stay alive, to save oneself'. As 1. member a. o. in σωσί-πολις `saving the city' (Ar., Str. a.o.). From the verb: 1. σωτήρ, - ῆρος m. `saviour' (h. Hom., Pi., IA.) with σωτηρ-ία, - ίη f. `rescue', - ιος `bringing rescue, saving' (IA.), - ιώδης `wholesome' (Gal. a.o.), - ιασταί m. pl. `worshippers' of the θεοὶ σωτῆρες resp. of Ἄρτεμις Σώτειρα (Rhod., Att.; Fraenkel Nom. ag. 1, 178). Archaising byforms: σαωτήρ (Call. a.o.), σαώτωρ (Maiist. IIIa), Σαώτης surn. of Dionysos (AP, Paus.); hypocorist. enlargement Σωτήριχος PN (Plu., Luc. a.o.). 2. f. σώτειρα. (Pi., IA.). 3. σῶστρα n. pl. (- σ- as in σέσω-σ-μαι a.o.) `reward for saving, thank-offering for saving lives' (Hdt., X. etc.) with σαοστρεῖ 3. sg. (prob. = σαω-; Cephallenia). 4. σωστικός ( δια-) `saving, preserving' (Arist. etc.). 5. δια-σώστης m. `policeman' (Just.). 6. ἀνα-σωσμός (Aq.), - σωσμα (Tz.) `rescue' -- On the frequent PN in Σω(ι-), Σωσ(ι)-, Σωτ(ο)- a.o. s. Bechtel Hist. Personennamen 413 ff.Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1080] *teu̯h₂- `be strong' (meaning incorrect in Pok.)Etymology: The above forms can all go back on PGr. σάϜος (Cypr. ΣαϜο-κλέϜης); positing alternative basic forms like *σῶϜος or *σω[υ]ς is unnecessary. From σά(Ϝ)ος arose by contraction σῶς, from where through thematisation (via n. pl. σῶα, sg. σῶον?) σῶος; ep. σόος for σάος after σῶς or through metr. lengthening. Extensive treatment by Leumann Μνήμης χάριν 2, 8 ff. (Kl. Schr. 266 ff.) w. further details and rich lit. -- PGr. σάϜος can stand for IE *tu̯h₂-eu̯o-s; or rather it is a thematization of *σαυς \< *tu̯eh₂-us. Ablaut with *tu̯ō-ro-s, *tu̯ō-mn̥ (in σωρός?, σῶμα??) is quite uncertain; the basic meaning would then be approx. `be strong' (Prellwitz a.o.; s. Bq), which fits badly for a corpse; *tu̯oh₂-mn̥ is simple, but o-grade is improbable. Cf. σωρός and ταΰς, also on σαίνω.Page in Frisk: 2,844Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σῶς
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2 Ὠρίων
II the constellation named after him, Il.18.486, 488, 22.29, Od.5.274, Hes.Op. 598, 609, Arist. Mete. 361b23, Pr. 941b24.III a fabulous Indian bird, Str.15.1.69, Ael.NA17.22, Nonn.D.26.202. [[pron. full] ῑ in Hom.; [pron. full] ῐ [dialect] Att., E. Ion 1153, Cyc. 213, v. Choerob. in Theod.1.272 H.: we also find [full] Ὠᾰρίων in Corinn.2, Supp.2.77, Call.Dian. 265, and in Pi.N.2.12 (v.l. ὀαρίωνα); Adj. [full] Ὠαριώνειος, α, ον, φύσις Id.I.4(3).49(67)
; the Homeric Ὠρῑων arose by contraction of Ὠα- and metrical lengthening of ι.] -
3 Ποσειδῶν
Ποσειδῶν, -ῶνος Ruijgh REG 80(1967)6-16 Lampas 1.4 99fGrammatical information: m.Meaning: `Poseidon' (Att.).Dialectal forms: Myc. Posedao, dat. -ne.Derivatives: Beside it ep. poet. Ποσειδάων, - άωνος, Ion. - έων, lyr., also Cret., Epid., Arc. a.o. inscr. Ποσειδάν, Arc. also Ποσοιδάν, from where Lac. Ποhοιδάν (on the acc. Hdn. 2, 914 a. 916). With - τ- in Dor. forms from diff. areas: Ποτειδά(Ϝ)ων, - δάν, also (Dor. a. Att. com.) Ποτ(ε)ιδᾶς; further also (Aeol.?) Ποτοιδαν (Pergam. Va). -- From it 1. Ποσειδώνιος (also as PN), - δαώνιος, - δάνιος, Ποτειδάνιος `consecrated to P.', esp. - ιον n. `temple of P.' 2. Ποσιδήϊος (ep. Ion. beside Aeol. Ποσειδάων, metr. condit.; Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 20), - δεῖος, - δαῖος, - ιον n. `id.', Myc. Posidaijo, with Ποσιδηϊών, - δεών IA. Monthname. 3. Ποτείδαια f. name of a Corinth. colony on Chalkidike. 4. Ποτιδάϊχος Boeot. PN (Bechtel Dial. 1, 267).Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: From Ποτειδά̄Ϝων (like Μαχά̄-ων, Άρετά-ων a.o.; Schwyzer 521) arose through contraction - δῶν, - δάν; beside it - δᾶς; cf. Έρμ-άων, - άν, - έας, - ῆς (Kretschmer Glotta 9, 217). The adj. Ποσιδήϊος prob. rather after Όδυσήϊος, Νηλήϊος a.o. than (with Schwyzer 271) from an unatt. *Ποσιδᾶς. The assibilated forms must be generalized from Ποσι- beside older Ποτει-. -- God of the waters (rivers, sources, of the sea). The name is not certainly interpreted. Already by Fick Curt. Stud. 8, 307 explained as univerbation of a voc. *Πότει Δᾶς `o Lord (spouse) of Da, i.e. the earth' (s. Δήμητηρ), an interpretation, which was accepted by Hoffmann and esp. by Kretschmer several times (e.g. Glotta 1, 27 f., 382f.; 13, 245; 22, 255, Wien. Stud. 24, 523ff.) argued and presented with consent of several scholars (Schulze, v. Wilamowitz [s. Schwyzer 271], Mayrhofer AnzAltWiss. 5 [1952] 59 ff., Schachermeyr Poseidon und die Entstehung des griech. Götterglaubens [Bern 1950] 13 ff., Schwyzer 446 a. 572). Ποσι- was then taken as a younger form of the voc., Ποτοι- sometimes (e.g. Schwyzer l.c.) explained as old ablaut-form (rejected by Kretschmer Glotta 1, 383). -- Rejection or doubt by Bechtel Dial. 1, 64f., Fraenkel Lexis 3, 50 ff., thus by several other scholars, who proposed instead other, certainly not better hypotheses: Ehrlich Betonung 81 ff. (to ποταμός and οἶδμα; by Kretschmer Glotta 6, 294 rejected); Heubeck IF 64, 225 ff. (to πόντος and δαῆναι); Carnoy Les ét. class. 22, 342 (2. member to Skt. dā́nu- `drop, dew'). Older attempts w. rich lit. in Nilsson Gr. Rel. 1, 445 w. n. 2 a. 3. -- Ruijgh REG 80(1967)6-16 concludes that Pre-Greek origin remains a possibility, which seems to me the most probable conclusion. I would posit a form *patyaitūn, with a pronounced [o] after labial, with ai pronounded as [ei] as often, and with ū = ω; but I found no confirmation of this reconstruction.Page in Frisk: 2,583-584Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Ποσειδῶν
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4 λαγώς
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `hare'; also metaph. as name of a bird (Thompson Birds s. v. ; cf. λαγωΐς below), several sea-animals (Thompson Fishes s. v., Strömberg Fischnamen 111), of a constellation (Scherer Gestirnnamen 189, 192), of a bandage (medic.)Other forms: - ῶς; (cf. on the gender Schwyzer-Debrunner 31 w. n. 4), gen. λαγώ (-ῶ), acc. λαγών, analog. - ώ(-ῶ) etc. (Att.); ep., Arist. λαγωός, Ion. Dor., poet. λαγός.Compounds: As 1. member e. g. in λαγο-δαίτᾱς m. `hase-devourer' (A.), λαγω(ο)-βόλον n. `staff for flinging at hares' (Theoc., A P).Derivatives: Diminut.: λαγῴδιον (Ar., pap.), λαγωδάριον (Ph.); λάγιον (X.), λαγίδιον (M. Ant., Poll.), λαγιδεύς (Str.; Boßhardt 72). Adject.: λαγῳ̃ος `belonging to a hare', τὰ λαγῳ̃α `hare-flesh, titbit' (Hp., com.), λαγώειος `id.' (Opp.), λαγώνεια λαγοῦ κρέα H. (: ταών(ε)ιος from ταώς. - ῶς); λάγειος (of κρέας, Hp.), λάγινος `belonging to a hare' (A.). Bird-names: λαγωΐς f. (Hor. Sat. 2, 2, 22; leporini coloris Porph.; cf. W.-Hofmann s. v.). λαγωΐνης ὄρνις ποιός H. (cf. κεγχρίνης, ἐλαφίνης a. o.), λαγω-δίας = ὦτος (kind of owl; Alex. Mynd. ap. Ath. 9, 390f; cf. καχρυ-δ-ίας and Chantraine Form. 203).Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]Etymology: From *λαγ(ο)-ω[υσ]-ός `with slack ears', adject. bahuvrihi of *λαγος (*λάξ; s. on λαγαίω) and οὖς (Schwyzer KZ 37, 146f.); cf. Osset. tärqūs `hare', prop. "Long-ear", NPers. xargōš `id.', prop. "ass-ear" (Schulze KZ 48, 101 = Kl. Schr. 372), Berber. bu tmezgīn "the animal with the long ears" (Benveniste Sprache 1, 119); taboo-word of the language of hunters (e.g. Schwyzer 38, Havers Sprachtabu 51 f.). Through contraction and analogy arose λαγώς, λαγός (Schwyzer 557 w. n. 1). On the stem-formation also Sommer Nominalkomp. 18 f.; the there proposed substantival interpretation ("Schlappohr") like NHG Langohr `ass, hare' is neither morphologically nor phonetically defendable.Page in Frisk: 2,70-71Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λαγώς
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